ARIA: ADAPTIVE RADAR INTELLIGENCE ARCHITECTURE
Main Article Content
Abstract
Some of the common operational challenges in modern radar systems are high false alarm rates, detection-to-track latency, terrain-induced blind zones, and vulnerability to Electronic Counter Measures (ECM). This paper presents ARIA (Adaptive Radar Intelligence Architecture), an AI-augmented framework that integrates five complementary technologies: CNN-based target classification, LSTM predictive tracking, multi-static distributed sensor mesh networking, cognitive Electronic Counter-Countermeasures (ECCM), and autonomous threat assessment. The proposed architecture combines SAR and Doppler radar data using a ResNet-inspired CNN with multi-head attention and integrates LSTM-based trajectory prediction with an Interacting Multiple Model (IMM) framework. Simulation-based evaluation against published literature suggests a projected target classification accuracy of 85–92% under operational conditions, compared with current field baselines of 72–83%. These performance values are presented as research hypotheses requiring field validation. The primary contribution of ARIA is not a validated operational system, but a unified architectural framework that integrates existing AI and radar technologies into a coherent design for next-generation intelligent radar systems.
Downloads
Article Details
Data Availability Statement
No new datasets were generated or analysed during this
study. This research is based on a theoretical framework
development and simulation analysis. All relevant data
are included within the manuscript.
Section

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
All articles published in Interdisciplinary Journal of AI, Machine Learning & Data Science (IJAIMLDS) are licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).
This license allows others to share, copy, distribute, and adapt the work, provided that proper credit is given to the original author(s) and the source.
Authors retain copyright and grant Interdisciplinary Journal of AI, Machine Learning & Data Science (IJAIMLDS) the right of first publication.
How to Cite
References
[1] Richards, M. A., Scheer, J., and Holm, W. A. (2010). Principles of Modern Radar: Basic Principles. SciTech Publishing. ISBN: 978-1891121524.
[2] Skolnik, M. I. (2008). Radar Handbook, 3rd Edition. McGraw-Hill Professional. ISBN: 978-0071485470.
[3] IEEE Std 686-2017 — IEEE Standard for Radar Definitions. IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Society, 2017.
[4] Neri, F. (2006). Introduction to Electronic Defense Systems, 2nd Edition. SciTech Publishing. ISBN: 978-1891121531.
[5] Blackman, S., and Popoli, R. (1999). Design and Analysis of Modern Tracking Systems. Artech House. ISBN: 978-1580530064.
[6] DRDO (2021). Annual Report 2020–21. Defence Research & Development Organisation, Ministry of Defence, India. pp. 54–58.
[7] Ding, J., Chen, B., Liu, H., and Huang, M. (2017). Convolutional Neural Network with Data Augmentation for SAR Target Recognition. IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, 14(11), 1977–1981. DOI: 10.1109/LGRS.2017.2756563.
[8] Huang, L., Liu, B., Li, B., Guo, W., Yu, W., Zhang, Z., and Yu, W. (2018). OpenSARShip 2.0: A Large-Volume Dataset for Discrimination of Sentinel-1 SAR Images. IEEE GRSL, 15(12), 1851–1855. DOI: 10.1109/LGRS.2018.2868230.
[9] Schreiber, M., Belagiannis, V., Glaser, C., and Dietmayer, K. (2019). Long Short-Term Memory Networks for Radar-Based Precipitation Nowcasting. IEEE Radar Conference 2019, pp. 1–6. DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2019.8835674.
[10] Haykin, S. (2012). Cognitive Radar: Step Toward Bridging the Gap Between Neuroscience and Engineering. Proceedings of the IEEE, 100(11), 3130–3139. DOI: 10.1109/JPROC.2012.2203117.
[11] Toshiba Quantum Technology (2023). Quantum Key Distribution System — Product Overview. toshiba.eu/quantum-technology. Accessed January 2024.
[12] Niu, R., Willett, P., Bar-Shalom, Y., and Coraluppi, S. (2022). Autonomous Radar Swarm Networks for Wide-Area Surveillance. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 58(4), 3210–3225. DOI: 10.1109/TAES.2022.3145298.
[13] LeCun, Y., Bengio, Y., and Hinton, G. (2015). Deep Learning. Nature, 521(7553), 436–444. DOI: 10.1038/nature14539.
[14] Goodfellow, I., Pouget-Abadie, J., Mirza, M., et al. (2014). Generative Adversarial Nets. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS), 27, 2672–2680.
[15] Hochreiter, S., and Schmidhuber, J. (1997). Long Short-Term Memory. Neural Computation, 9(8), 1735–1780. DOI: 10.1162/neco.1997.9.8.1735.
[16] Vaswani, A., Shazeer, N., Parmar, N., et al. (2017). Attention Is All You Need. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS), 30, 5998–6008.
[17] He, K., Zhang, X., Ren, S., and Sun, J. (2016). Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognition. IEEE CVPR 2016, pp. 770–778. DOI: 10.1109/CVPR.2016.90.
[18] Mnih, V., Kavukcuoglu, K., Silver, D., et al. (2015). Human-Level Control Through Deep Reinforcement Learning. Nature, 518(7540), 529–533. DOI: 10.1038/nature14236.
[19] McMahan, B., Moore, E., Ramage, D., et al. (2017). Communication-Efficient Learning of Deep Networks from Decentralized Data. AISTATS 2017, PMLR 54, pp. 1273–1282.
[20] Lundberg, S. M., and Lee, S.-I. (2017). A Unified Approach to Interpreting Model Predictions. NeurIPS 2017, pp. 4765–4774.
[21] Chen, X., Wang, S., and Liu, J. (2021). Micro-Doppler Based UAV Classification Using Convolutional Neural Networks. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 57(4), 2600–2612. DOI: 10.1109/TAES.2021.3052400.
[22] Park, J.-H., Kim, Y., and Lee, S. (2021). Transformer-Based ISAR Image Classification for Maritime Target Recognition. Remote Sensing, 13(22), 4537. DOI: 10.3390/rs13224537.
[23] Li, H., and Zhang, W. (2023). Deep Reinforcement Learning for Adaptive Radar Waveform Design and Beam Scheduling. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 71, 1412–1426. DOI: 10.1109/TSP.2023.3253412.
[24] Madry, A., Makelov, A., Schmidt, L., Tsipras, D., and Vladu, A. (2018). Towards Deep Learning Models Resistant to Adversarial Attacks. ICLR 2018. arXiv:1706.06083.
[25] NVIDIA (2023). Jetson AGX Orin Series Product Brief. NVIDIA Corporation. Available: developer.nvidia.com/embedded/jetson-agx-orin. Accessed February 2024.
[26] Mahafza, B. R. (2022). Radar Systems Analysis and Design Using MATLAB, 3rd Edition. CRC Press. ISBN: 978-0367563677.
[27] Guo, T., Zhao, F., and Li, C. (2022). Generative Adversarial Network-Based Radar SAR Data Augmentation for Improved ATR Performance. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 60, 1–14. DOI: 10.1109/TGRS.2022.3167821.
[28] Kim, S., Park, J., and Cho, H. (2024). Edge AI Architecture for Real-Time Radar Target Detection in IoT-Based Distributed Sensor Networks. IEEE Sensors Journal, 24(3), 4112–4125. DOI: 10.1109/JSEN.2024.3341202.
[29] Wagner, M., Fischer, R., and Schäfer, T. (2023). LSTM with Attention for Multi-Target Radar Tracking in Dense Environments. Signal Processing, 205, 108868. DOI: 10.1016/j.sigpro.2023.108868.
[30] Rani, S., Kumar, A., and Singh, P. (2022). Random Forest and SVM-Based Weather Clutter Suppression for Airborne Radar Using NEXRAD Data. IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, 19, 1–5. DOI: 10.1109/LGRS.2022.3140892.